Hiromitsu Takeuchi, Kenichi Kasamatsu, Makoto Tsubota, Muneto Nitta
In brane cosmology, the Big Bang is hypothesized to occur by the annihilation of the brane--anti-brane pair in a collision, where the branes are three-dimensional objects in a higher-dimensional Universe. Spontaneous symmetry breaking accompanied by the formation of lower-dimensional topological defects, e.g. cosmic strings, is triggered by the so-called `tachyon condensation', where the existence of tachyons is attributable to the instability of the brane--anti-brane system. Here, we show that the tachyon condensation due to brane-pair-annihilation can be simulated in a laboratory experiment with atomic Bose--Einstein condensates. In this system, three-dimensional formation of vortices from the domain-wall annihilations is considered a kink formation in two-dimensional space. Our numerical experiments show that the following relaxation dynamics can be interpreted as two-dimensional phase ordering dynamics. This study provides insights into how the presence of the extra dimensions influences symmetry breaking in a restricted space embedded in higher dimensions.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.2330
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